Chapter 1: Sources and Composition Analysis of Waste Fixer Solution Fixer solution is an essential chemical in industries such as photography, film processing, printing plate making, and X-ray image processing. Its primary function is to dissolve undeveloped silver halide from imaging materials, ensuring stable image preservation. However, during mass production,

Chapter 1 Introduction and Exhibition Overview In September 2025, the 25th Shenzhen International Jewelry Fair was held as scheduled at the Futian Convention and Exhibition Center. As one of the most influential events in the jewelry industry in Asia and even globally, this show is not only a platform for

Chapter 1 Introduction: Electronic Scrap and the Value of Precious Metals In today’s rapidly developing information and intelligent world, electronic products have permeated every aspect of human life. Mobile phones, computers, servers, home appliances, and communication equipment are replaced in massive quantities every year. At the same time, the “urban

Chapter 1 Basic Concepts and Common Products of 18K Electroformed Gold Karat gold is a very common and widely used precious metal in the jewelry industry. 18K gold has long dominated the market due to its balanced purity, hardness, and color. 18K gold is 75% pure gold, with the remaining

Chapter 1 Introduction In modern industrial production, the surface treatment and recycling of metal materials has become a crucial component of both the manufacturing and recycling sectors. Among these processes, tin and silver stripping are particularly prominent. These two processes are not only relevant to the electronics, information technology, jewelry,